5G

Every new generation of wireless networks made a significant change in our lives:

• 1G made us communicate with people 

• 2G allowed us to send messages 

• 3G brought us online 

• 4G brought up the network speeds, which we are experiencing these days. 4G networks have lost their ability to produce greater network speed as more and more users come online.

We, humans, are now in search of a new source, which brought us the idea of 5G. So, What exactly is 5G? Even the researchers couldn't answer that, but these are commonly known five technologies that emerge as the foundation of the 5G  network. The technologies are:

1. Millimeter waves

2. small cells

3. Massive MIMO

4. beamforming and

5. full-duplex

Now, let's discuss in brief.

Today's mobile networks are experiencing slower network speeds and dropped connections as more data consumed by the user increases.

These millimeter waves are radio waves that have a frequency in the range of 30-300 GHz and are the higher frequency waves of the electromagnetic spectrum as these waves hit the maximum frequency the data transfer drastically improves compared to the existing 4G network.

Small Cells; work as mini cellular towers, these transmit millimeter-wave signals to maintain connectivity. These are placed close to one another(approx 100m apart) as millimeter waves are hindered the disturbances cause interference between the signals.

Massive MIMO are replicas of cellular towers, 4G towers have a limited number of transmitters to transmit signals. These MIMO base stations have more transmitters to transmit the high-frequency network signals.

Beamforming; 5G network experiences serious interference when it transmits data in a crowded area, this beamforming technology is improvised in such a way that it traces the interference pattern and sends the network as beams that coincides and reaches the receiver.

Full-duplex helps in transmitting signals of the same frequencies i.e, it channelizes the wave and avoids collision of waves(wave modulation concepts involved in research).

Written By LG

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